スターリング数と上昇・下降階乗

スターリング数と上昇・下降階乗

(1)第1種スターリング数と上昇階乗

\[ Q\left(x,n\right)=\sum_{k=0}^{n}\left(-1\right)^{n+k}S_{1}\left(n,k\right)x^{k} \]

(2)第2種スターリング数と上昇階乗

\[ x^{n}=\sum_{k=0}^{n}\left(-1\right)^{k+n}S_{2}\left(n,k\right)Q\left(x,k\right) \]

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\(S_{1}\left(n,k\right)\)は第1種スターリング数
\(S_{2}\left(n,k\right)\)は第2種スターリング数

(1)

\begin{align*} Q\left(3,2\right) & =\sum_{k=0}^{2}\left(-1\right)^{2+k}S_{1}\left(2,k\right)3^{k}\\ & =\left(-1\right)^{2}S_{1}\left(2,0\right)3^{0}+\left(-1\right)^{3}S_{1}\left(2,1\right)3^{1}+\left(-1\right)^{4}S_{1}\left(2,2\right)3^{2}\\ & =0+3+9\\ & =12 \end{align*}

(2)

\begin{align*} 3^{2} & =\sum_{k=0}^{2}\left(-1\right)^{k+2}S_{2}\left(2,k\right)Q\left(3,k\right)\\ & =\left(-1\right)^{2}S_{2}\left(2,0\right)Q\left(3,0\right)+\left(-1\right)^{3}S_{2}\left(2,1\right)Q\left(3,1\right)+\left(-1\right)^{4}S_{2}\left(2,2\right)Q\left(3,2\right)\\ & =0-3+12\\ & =9 \end{align*}

(1)

\begin{align*} Q\left(x,n\right) & =\left(-1\right)^{n}P\left(-x,n\right)\\ & =\left(-1\right)^{n}\sum_{k=0}^{n}S_{1}\left(n,k\right)\left(-x\right)^{k}\\ & =\sum_{k=0}^{n}\left(-1\right)^{n+k}S_{1}\left(n,k\right)x^{k} \end{align*}

(2)

\begin{align*} x^{n} & =\left(-1\right)^{n}\left(-x\right)^{n}\\ & =\left(-1\right)^{n}\sum_{k=0}^{n}S_{2}\left(n,k\right)P\left(-x,k\right)\\ & =\sum_{k=0}^{n}\left(-1\right)^{k+n}S_{2}\left(n,k\right)Q\left(x,k\right) \end{align*}

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スターリング数と上昇・下降階乗
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