野村数学研究所

論理+数式

カテゴリー: 数学

整式

オイラーの4平方恒等式

\[ \left(a_{0}^{\;2}+a_{1}^{\;2}+a_{2}^{\;2}+a_{3}^{\;2}\right)\left(b_{0}^{\;2}+b_{1}^{\;2}+b_{2}^{\;2}+b_{3}^{\;2}\right)=\left(a_{0}b_{0}-a_{1}b_{1}-a_{2}b_{2}-a_{3}b_{3}\right)^{2}+\left(a_{0}b_{1}+a_{1}b_{0}+a_{2}b_{3}-a_{3}b_{2}\right)^{2}+\left(a_{0}b_{2}-a_{1}b_{3}+a_{2}b_{0}+a_{3}b_{1}\right)^{2}+\left(a_{0}b_{3}+a_{1}b_{2}-a_{2}b_{1}+a_{3}b_{0}\right)^{2} \]

整式

ビネ・コーシーとラグランジュの恒等式

\[ \left(\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}c_{i}\right)\left(\sum_{j=1}^{n}b_{j}d_{j}\right)-\left(\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_{i}d_{i}\right)\left(\sum_{j=1}^{n}b_{j}c_{j}\right)=\sum_{1\leq i<j\leq n}\left(a_{i}b_{j}-a_{j}b_{i}\right)\left(c_{i}d_{j}-c_{j}d_{i}\right) \]

整式

複二次式の定義と因数分解

\[ a_{4}x^{4}+a_{2}x^{2}+a_{0}=\frac{1}{4a_{4}}\left(2a_{4}x^{2}+a_{2}+\sqrt{a_{2}^{\;2}-4a_{4}a_{0}}\right)\left(2a_{4}x^{2}+a_{2}-\sqrt{a_{2}^{\;2}-4a_{4}a_{0}}\right) \]

整式

因数分解による3次方程式の標準形の解

\[ x_{k}=\omega^{k}\sqrt[3]{-\frac{q}{2}+\sqrt{\left(\frac{q}{2}\right)^{2}+\left(\frac{p}{3}\right)^{3}}}-\omega^{3-k}\frac{p}{3}\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{-\frac{q}{2}-\sqrt{\left(\frac{q}{2}\right)^{2}+\left(\frac{p}{3}\right)^{3}}}}\cnd{k\in\left\{ 0,1,2\right\} } \]

数論

n番目の素数の式

\[ P\left(n\right)=1+\sum_{k=1}^{2^{n}}\left\lfloor \sqrt[n]{\frac{n}{\sum_{j=1}^{k}\left\lfloor \cos^{2}\left(\frac{\left(j-1\right)!+1}{j}\pi\right)\right\rfloor }}\right\rfloor \]

解析学

ラクランジュの未定乗数法

\[ F\left(x_{1},\cdots,x_{n},\lambda_{1,}\cdots,\lambda_{m}\right)=f\left(x_{1},\cdots,x_{n}\right)-\sum_{k=1}^{m}\lambda_{k}g_{k}\left(x_{1},\cdots,x_{n}\right) \]