偏角の3角関数
偏角の3角関数
(1)
\[ \sin\Arg z=\frac{\Im z}{\left|z\right|} \](2)
\[ \cos\Arg z=\frac{\Re z}{\left|z\right|} \](3)
\[ \tan\Arg z=\frac{\Im z}{\Re z} \](1)
\begin{align*} \sin\Arg z & =\frac{e^{i\Arg z}-e^{-i\Arg z}}{2i}\\ & =\frac{\sgn z-\sgn^{-1}z}{2i}\\ & =\frac{1}{2i}\left(\frac{z}{\left|z\right|}-\frac{\left|z\right|}{z}\right)\\ & =\frac{1}{2i}\left(\frac{z\left|z\right|-\overline{z}\left|z\right|}{\left|z\right|^{2}}\right)\\ & =\frac{\Im z}{\left|z\right|} \end{align*}(2)
\begin{align*} \cos\Arg z & =\frac{e^{i\Arg z}+e^{-i\Arg z}}{2}\\ & =\frac{\sgn z+\sgn^{-1}z}{2}\\ & =\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{z}{\left|z\right|}+\frac{\left|z\right|}{z}\right)\\ & =\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{z\left|z\right|+\overline{z}\left|z\right|}{\left|z\right|^{2}}\right)\\ & =\frac{\Re z}{\left|z\right|} \end{align*}(3)
\begin{align*} \tan\Arg z & =\frac{\sin\Arg z}{\cos\Arg z}\\ & =\frac{\Im z}{\Re z} \end{align*}
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逆3角関数と逆双曲線関数の主値と2乗のルート
\[
\sin^{\bullet}\sin z=z\Rightarrow\sqrt{\cos^{2}z}=\cos z
\]
三角関数と双曲線関数のn乗積分
\[
\int\sin^{2n+m_{\pm}}xdx=\frac{\Gamma\left(n+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{m_{\pm}}{2}\right)}{\Gamma\left(n+1+\frac{m_{\pm}}{2}\right)}\left\{ -\frac{1}{2}\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\left(\frac{\Gamma\left(k+1+\frac{m_{\pm}}{2}\right)}{\Gamma\left(k+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{m_{\pm}}{2}\right)}\cos x\sin^{2k+1+m_{\pm}}x\right)+\frac{\Gamma\left(1+\frac{m_{\pm}}{2}\right)}{\Gamma\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{m_{\pm}}{2}\right)}\int\sin^{m_{\pm}}xdx\right\}
\]
逆三角関数と逆双曲線関数の級数表示
\[
\sin^{\bullet}x=\sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{C\left(2k,k\right)}{4^{k}(2k+1)}x^{2k+1}\qquad,(|x|\leq1)
\]
逆三角関数の負角、余角、逆数
\[
\cos^{\bullet}x+\sin^{\bullet}x=\frac{\pi}{2}
\]